ʻO ke aniani kekahi o nā mea kūkulu hale i makemake nui ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia i kēia lā, no ka hoʻomaikaʻi mau ʻana i ka hana o ka lā a me ka thermal. Hoʻokahi ala e hoʻokō ʻia ai kēia hana ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka uhi passive a me ka solar control low-e. No laila, he aha ka aniani haʻahaʻa-e? I kēia ʻāpana, hāʻawi mākou iā ʻoe i kahi nānā hohonu o ka uhi ʻana.
I mea e maopopo ai i nā uhi, pono e hoʻomaopopo i ka laulaha o ka ikehu lā a i ʻole ka ikehu mai ka lā. ʻO ke kukui Ultraviolet (UV), ke kukui ʻike ʻia a me ke kukui infrared (IR) e noho i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka laulaha lā - ua hoʻoholo ʻia nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā mea ʻekolu e ko lākou mau nalu.
• ʻO ke kukui ʻoi loa, ʻo ia ke kumu e mae ai nā mea o loko e like me nā lole a me nā uhi o ka paia, nā lōʻihi o 310-380 nanometers ke hōʻike nei i ka hana aniani.
• Noho ka malamalama ʻike i ka ʻāpana o ka pae ma waena o nā nalu lōʻihi mai kahi o 380-780 nanometers.
• Hoʻouna ʻia ke kukui uila (a i ʻole ka ikehu wela) ma ke ʻano he wela i loko o kahi hale, a hoʻomaka i nā nalu lōʻihi o 780 nanometers. Kuhi pinepine ʻia ka infrared solar e like me ka ikehu pōkole nalu pōkole, ʻoiai ka wela e pā ana i nā mea mehana i ʻoi aku nā nalu i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka lā a kuhikuhi ʻia e like me ka nalu infrared lōʻihi.
Ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā pale haʻahaʻa-E e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka nui o nā kukui ultraviolet a me ka infrared i hiki ke hele ma waena o ke kīʻaha me ka ʻole o ka hoʻohoka ʻana i ka nui o nā kukui i ʻike ʻia i lawe ʻia.
Ke lawe ʻia ka wela a i ʻole ka ikehu māmā e ke aniani, e hoʻoneʻe ʻia ia e ka neʻe ʻana o ka ea a e hoʻomālamalama hou ʻia e ka papa aniani. ʻO ka hiki o kahi mea e hoʻomālamalama i ka ikehu i ʻike ʻia he emissivity. Ma ke ʻano laulā, he emissivity haʻahaʻa nā mea e hōʻike manaʻo nui ʻia a he emissivity kiʻekiʻe nā mea ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele. ʻO nā mea āpau, e like me nā puka aniani, hoʻomālamalama i ka wela ma ke ʻano o ka nalu lōʻihi, ka ikehu infrared ma muli o ka emissivity a me ka mahana o ko lākou mau papa. ʻO ka ikehu uila kekahi ala nui e hoʻololi ai i ka wela me nā puka aniani. ʻO ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka emissivity o hoʻokahi a ʻoi paha o nā aniani o ka puka aniani e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai insulate o ka puka aniani. ʻO kahi laʻana, he emissivity o ke aniani i uhi ʻole ʻia me .84, ʻoiai ʻo Vitro Architectural Glass '(ke aniani PPG ma mua) ka mana o ka lā Pāhawewe lā® 700L aniani he emissivity o .02.
ʻO kēia kahi e komo ai i nā pale lole emissivity haʻahaʻa (a i ʻole aniani haʻahaʻa). He aniani microscopically lahilahi me ka aniani Low-E - ʻoi aku ka lahilahi ma mua o ka lauoho kanaka-e hōʻike ana i ka ikehu infrared nalu loloa (a i ʻole ka wela). Hōʻike kekahi mau haʻahaʻa e e i ka nui o ka ikehu pōkole infrared solar. Ke hoʻāʻo ka ikehu wela o loko e pakele i ke anuanu i waho i ka wā o ka hoʻoilo, hōʻike ka uhi haʻahaʻa e i ka wela i loko o loko, e hoʻemi ana i ka nalo wela wela ma o ke aniani. Kū ka hope i ke kauwela. E hoʻohana i kahi hoʻohālikelike maʻalahi, hana ke aniani haʻahaʻa-e like me ka thermos. Loaʻa i kahi thermos kahi uhi kālā, e hōʻike ana i ka mahana o ka inu i loko. Mālama ʻia ka mahana ma muli o ke aniani mau e kū mai ana, a me nā pono insulate a ka lewa e hāʻawi ai ma waena o nā pū o loko a me waho o nā thermos, e like me ka ʻāpana aniani insulate. Ma muli o ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o ke aniani haʻahaʻa o nā ʻāpana lahilahi o ke kālā a me nā mea emissivity haʻahaʻa ʻē aʻe, pili ka manaʻo like. Hōʻike ka uhi haʻahaʻa-e kālā i nā mahana o loko i loko, e mālama ana i ka lumi mehana a anuanu hoʻi.
Low-e ka penaʻana ʻano & hana hana
Aia ʻelua mau ʻano ʻelua o ka pale haʻahaʻa-e: ka pale haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e a me ka uhi ʻana i ka lā haʻahaʻa. Hoʻolālā ʻia nā pale haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hoʻonui i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka wela o ka lā i loko o kahi hale a hale paha e hana i ka hopena o ka hoʻomehana "passive" a hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka hilinaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻomehana hoʻomehana. Hoʻolālā ʻia nā pale haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e ka palena i ka nui o ka wela o ka lā e hele i loko o kahi hale a hale paha no ka mālama ʻana i nā hale me ke anuanu a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻohana ikehu e pili ana i ka ea ea.
Hana ʻia nā ʻano kīʻaha haʻahaʻa-e, passive a me ka ikehu lā e nā ʻano hana mua ʻelua - pyrolytic, a i ʻole "kapa paʻakikī", a me Magnetron Sputter Vacuum Deposition (MSVD), a i ʻole "kapa palupalu". I ke kaʻina pyrolytic, i lilo i mea maʻamau i nā makahiki 1970 mua, pili ka uhi i ka lipine aniani i ka manawa e hana ʻia ana ma ka laina lana. A laila "fuse" ka uhi i ka papa aniani wela, e hana ana i kahi paʻa paʻa i paʻa loa no ka hana kīʻaha i ka wā o ka hana ʻana. ʻO ka hope, ʻokiʻoki ʻia ke kīʻaha i nā pepa waihona o nā nui like ʻole no ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā mea hana lole. I ke kaʻina MSVD, i hoʻolauna ʻia i nā makahiki 1980 a hoʻomaʻemaʻe mau ʻia i loko o nā makahiki i hala aku nei, hoʻopili ʻia ka uhi ma waho o ka laina i ke aniani ʻoki mua ʻia i nā keʻena hakahaka i ka mahana wela o ka lumi.
Ma muli o ka ulu ʻana o ka mōʻaukala o kēia mau ʻenehana uhi, pili nā pale passive low-e i kekahi manawa me ke kaʻina pyrolytic a me ka uhi ʻana i ka lā me nā MSVD, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole pololei loa kēia. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻokoʻa ka hana ʻana mai kahi huahana a huahana a mea hana i mea hana (e nānā i ka papa ma lalo), akā hiki ke loaʻa nā papa hana ʻikepili a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā pono pūnaewele e hoʻohālikelike i nā uhi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma ka mākeke.
ʻĀpana pale
I loko o ka pā pālua IG he ʻehā mau papa i hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i nā pale: ʻo ka maka mua (# 1) e kū ana i waho, ʻo ka lua (# 2) a me ke kolu (# 3) e ʻ alo ana kekahi i kekahi i loko o ka ʻāpana aniani insulate a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e kahi spacer peripheral e hana ai i kahi lewa lewa, ʻoiai ke alo ʻehā (# 4) e alo pololei i loko o ka hale. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka uhi ʻana o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e ke kolu a ʻehā paha o ka ʻili (mamao loa mai ka lā), ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka uhi ʻana o ka lā i nā pale haʻahaʻa e pili ana i ka lā kokoke i ka lā, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻaoʻao ʻelua.
Low-e ka pena ʻana i nā ana hana
Hoʻopili ʻia nā pale haʻahaʻa i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o nā ʻāpana aniani insulate. Inā paha i manaʻo ʻia kahi uhi haʻahaʻa e e ka mana passive a i ʻole ka solar, hāʻawi lākou i nā hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai hoʻokō. Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea aʻe e ana i ka pono o ke aniani me nā pale haʻahaʻa e:
• U-Waiwai hāʻawi ʻia ka helu pālākiō i ka puka aniani e pili ana i ka nui o ka poho wela i ʻae ʻia.
• Transmittance kukui ʻike ʻia kahi ana o ka nui o ka mālamalama e hele i ka puka aniani.
• Ka Poʻokela Loaʻa Kālā Heat Solar ʻo ia ka hapa o nā hanana kukuna lā i ʻae ʻia ma o ka puka aniani, i hoʻouna pololei ʻia a komo a pā hou ʻia i loko. ʻO ka lalo o ka puka aniani o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka wela coefficient, ʻo ka liʻiliʻi o ka wela o ka lā e lawe ai.
• Mālamalama i ka Loaʻa Lā ʻo ia ka lakio ma waena o ka puka aniani o Coefficient (Heat Heat Gain Coefficient) (SHGC) a me ka helu ʻana o ka transmittance light (VLT) i ʻike ʻia.
Eia pehea e ana ai nā uhi ma ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka nui o nā kukui ultra-violet a me ka infrared (ikehu) i hiki ke hele ma waena o ke kīʻaha me ka ʻole o ka hoʻohoka ʻana i ka nui o nā kukui i ʻike ʻia i lawe ʻia.
Ke noʻonoʻo nei i nā hoʻolālā puka aniani: ka nui, ka tint a me nā ʻano ʻiʻo ʻē aʻe i kou manaʻo. Eia nō naʻe, he mea nui like ka uhi ʻana o ka low-e coatings a hoʻololi nui i ka hana holoʻokoʻa o ka puka aniani a me ka huina hoʻomehana, hoʻomālamalama, a me nā kumukūʻai hōʻoluʻolu o kahi hale.
Ka manawa Post: ʻAuk-13-2020